Flying-machine.



J. T. SIMPSON.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, 1911.

Patented May 26, 1914.

2 SHEBTSSHEET 1.

w 1 11 5 -n. 4 G .v MM a e V m H wu J. T. SIMPSON. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1911.

Patented May 26, 1914.

mvenior K? I Max A I) M 21 4 42? I I Attorneys.

Wiinesws igay 6d i ff JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON, F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

. FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ma as, 191a.

Application filed August 22, 1911. Serial No. 645,360.

planes 14, and also to the frame, by means which the following is aspecification.

' The object I have in view is the production of a flying machine havinga superior frame work than heretofore suggested.

A further object is to produce fl ClEVlCG in which the angle of the rearplane can manner, but preferably in the manner illus-' be changed, asdesired, and a further object is to produce an arrangement in which thesteering and stabilizing'can be accomplished by superior means. 4

Theseand further OlZ) ]GClLS w1ll appear more fiilly from the, followingspecification and accompanying drawings in which- Figure l isa'sideelevation of the complete apparatus. Fig. 2gis a plan view of therear end thereof, Fig. 3 is a detznl, in front elevation, ofvtherontrolling dev ce. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, and Figs. 5, 6and 7 are diagramniatical views'of the stabilizing devices.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the body 1, extends from the front of themachine to a short distance behind the seat of the aviator, ending atthe third upright, measured from the front. This body is carried in thefront end of an elongated skeleton frame 2, rectangular in crosssection, but higher and wider in the front than at the rear. This frameis built up of longitudinal members 3, vertical members or standards, 1and cross members a.

5, 5 are the planes; 6 is the tractor arranged in front, and 7-7 are thepropellers arranged behind; 8 is the engine, connected to the tractorand propellers in any. suitable trated in my copending application filedof even date herewith, Serial No. 645,359. Below the body is a lowerextension 9, having runners 10 and wheels 11, connected to the ,runnersby links 12.

12 are elastic members such as rubber bands connecting the runners andlinks.

The frame and lower extension are rendered more rigid by diagonal braces13.

On the rear end of the frame are the horizontal rear planes 14. One ,ofthese is on each side, and behind and between .them is a singlehorizontal rudder 15. This rudder is pivoted to the rear ends of thehorizontal of a horizontal rod 19, which is carried in suitable bearingsin the frame. At the rear of the extension are two vertical rudders, 16.These rudders are tied together by suitable links. The horizontal rudder15 has an arm 17, to which wires 18, 18 are connected. The rear edges ofthe rear planes are pivoted to the rod 19 by suitable fastenings 19.Zontal planes are held in position by adjust-- able pins 20, adapted tofit into suitable openings shown in the uprights adjacent to the plane.The two vertical rudders are connected together by a link 21, which, inturn, is connected to a-bell crank 22, pivoted to the frame. This bellcrank is connected to wires 23, 23. I prefer in practice to form thestructure in duplicate, putting two bell cranks one at the top and oneat the bottom, as shown, and also putting two arms 17, 17, with aduplicate set of control ling wires. Below the rudder is a rear skid 24,connected to the frame by a spring, as shown.

In the body is a steering wheel 25, mounted upon a steering shaft 26.This shaft is connected to the wires 18, 18 as shown, so that as thesteering wheel is lifted up and down, the rudder 15 will be similarlymoved. An extension on the shaft 26 is connected to it by a universaljoint 26; this extension carries a drum 26 to which the wires 23 areattached. By turning the shaft 26 one way or another, the verticalrudders will be similarly moved.

Between the planes 5, 5 are mounted ailerons 27. These ailerons aresimilar to those The forward edges of the hori- V opened simultaneouslywitha lower one on the opposite side, as described in my applicationbefore referred to. The devices for controlling these ailerons are shownin Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive. The shaft 26 plays in a vertical slot 29,said shit being formed in a lever 30. This lever 30 is pivoted'at 31 toa fixed shaft. This lever 30 has a side arm 32 on each side, and in thisside arm isa curved slot- 33,this curved slot being formed upon acircle, the center of which is the pivot 31. In connection with the slotis a radial extension 34:, this extension extending toward the pivot 31.The slot and the extension constitute an L-shaped opening. On each sideof the lever 30 is pivoted a lever 35 to a pivot 36. Each of theselevers carries a pin 37, which pivots within the curved slot andextension 34-. The lever 30 is moved from side to side on the pivot 31by the movement of the shaft 26. The levers 35 have the wires 28controlling the upper ailerons connected to their upper ends, and thewires 8 controlling the lower ailerons connected at their lower ends. Itwill be noted that the right-hand lower wire 28 connects to the lowerend of the lefthand lever-.35, and the lower wire 28 on the left side isconnected to the lower righthand lever ln stabilizing, the operatorthrows the shaft 26 from side to side. Assuming that he throws it to theright, it moves the lever 30 to the right. The pin 37 normally rests onthe end of the curved slot above the radial extension, shown in fulllines. The lever 30 moves to the right without in any way affecting theright hand lever 35, its pin 37 remaining stationary within the curvedslot. The lever to the left, however, will have its pin 87 engaging withthe end of the curved slot, consequently, that lever will be turned uponits pivot to the dotted line position, the pin 37 sliding in the radialextension. The effect of this will be to move the upper left hand wire28 to the right, and the lower right hand wire 28 to the left, openingthe upper left-hand aileron and lower right-hand aileron, as is shown inFig. 6. A movement of the shaft to the left will have precisely theopposite effect, turning the right-hand lever 35 while the left-handlever 35 remains stationary. This will open the upper right-hand aileronand the lower left-hand aileron, as shown in Fig. 7.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I havedescribed the principle of my invention, together with the apparatuswhich I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but Idesire to have'it understood that the apparatus shown is merelyillustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways.

incense Having now described my invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1 An aeroplane having a frame with an opening extending therethrough, arod passing through the frame and extending on each side thereof, asingle horizontal rudder connected to the rod and lying within theopening and a horizontal plane on each side of the frame, pivoted to therod, and connections for securing the forward ends of the planes to theframe.

2. An aeroplane having a frame, two vertical rudders thereon, linksconnecting the rudders, and a bell crank lever above and a bell cranklever below the rudders, connections between the bell crank levers andthe links, and separate wires for moving the two levers.

3. An aeroplane having stabilizing ailerons, two in number, adjacent toeach extremity, means for actuating diagonally opposite ailerons inopposite directions, said means comprising a lever secured to a fixedpivot, said lever having slots curved on-a circle, the center of whichis adjacent to the pivot, levers mounted on fixed pivots having pinswhich engage with-the slots, and connections between thelevers and theailerons.

if. An aeroplane having cont-rolling mechanism which comprises a lever,with a vertical slot therein. a rod mounted to move in theslot, the saidlever also having Lshaped slots, auxiliary levers on fixed pivots, a pinon each auxiliary lever engaging with an L-shaped slot whereby, as thelever is moved in one direction, it will actuate one of the auxiliarylevers by the engagement of the pin thereof with a wall of the slot, butwill not actuate the other auxiliary lever, the pin thereon not engagingwith the wall of the slot, and when moved in the other direction it willactuate the other auxiliary lever in the same manner.

This specification signed and witnessed this 17th day of August, 1911.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON.

\Vitnesses ,Lnoxxnn ll. Dyna, GUSTAV Sruncnxoit.

